Organic Chemistry

thorough Chemistry: Physical Properties and Chemical Reactivity digest of answer Types substitute growth/Elimination oxidation/ step-down Hydrolysis/ concretion Hydrocarbons alkanes/cycloalkanes alkenes alkynes aromatics Alcohols/Amines Ketones/Aldehydes Carboxylic Acids/Esters and Amides Polymers polyethylenes polyesters polypeptides Summary of Reaction Types in Organic Chemistry Substitution in which one functional root is replaced by another - veritable(prenominal) of alkanes, alkyl halides and benzenes R-H R-X + + + X2 OH- R-X R-OH + + R HX X R-X AlX3 Addition/Elimination in which a minor(ip) molecule ( typically X2, HX or H-OH) is added/eliminated - alkenes bear up under Addition - some alkyl halides and alcohols undergo Elimination H X + H X HX strong base + HX  oxidisation/ decrement in which the number of bonds between carbon and group O is increase/ fall. Also, reactions in which the number of bonds between carbon and heat content is decreased/increased.

alcohols, ketones/aldehydes and carboxylic acids can be interchanged by Oxidation/ step-down reactions - - alkanes, alkenes and alkynes can be interchanged by Oxidation/Reduction reactions O R-CH2-OH O [H] R-C-OH [O] R-C-H O [H] R-C-H R-CH2-OH [O] R-C-OH O H H H H [O] H H [O] [H] H H [H] H H H H NOTE: [O] = oxidizing mover; [H] = reducing agent Hydrolysis/ muscle contraction in which the summing up of pee results in the bond partition or in which bond formation results in the elimination of H2O - typical of ester and amide breakdown/formation O O O R O R + H2O R O OH ! + R-OH R NH-R + H2O R OH + R-NH2 O O OH R O + R-OH R O O-R + H2O R OH + R-NH2 R NH-R + H2O Alkanes and Cycloalkanes CnH2n+2 CnH2n chains/rings with tetrahedral (sp3 hybridized) carbons 109.5o = free rotation nearly atomic number 53 bonds (saturated with...If you want to get a full essay, outrank it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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